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<b>Summary of Key points</b>
<b>My "model" is in the paper. It does not depend critically upon Claes Johnson's computations</b> which approach it all a little differently by assuming "strongly attenuated" Planck curves and thus considering it sufficient to work with the frequency modes therein. That is the reason <b>br1</b> is uncomfortable with the calculations, but the end result is the same, namely that heat transfer is always from hot to cold.
<b>If you think about it, there has to be only one-way heat transfer, so nature has to "know" somehow when to reverse the direction when one body that was cooler is then warmed above the other's temperature.</b>
I don't care if you call the process resonance, scattering, resonant scattering or (as some are starting to call it) pseudo scattering. Here "pseudo" is not implying that it doesn't exist - rather it is acknowledging that it is new radiation exactly equivalent in frequency and intensity to the radiation that "matches" in either body, viz that represented by the area under the cooler Planck curve.
The main point about the Second Law which AGW proponents gloss over is the fact that it applies to a (single) process (between two specific objects) and that process is independent. It even applies between the start and end of any short (measurable) time slot within that process. For example, if your coffee is cooling over, say, 10 minutes, then you can look at any intermediate time slot of, say, 30 seconds, and it will still be cooling.
But, on the subject of independence, this is where they go wrong in assuming that two-way heat flow just has a net effect and all is OK if that "net" effect is from hot to cold. However, there are always two independent processes involved here. And this can be seen quite clearly in the real world. For example, if backradiation were to warm an already warmer layer of water just millimetres below the surface, then there is no dependence between that (invalid) heat transfer and any subsequent "opposite" heat flow (usually back to some other location) such as convection to the surface of the water followed by evaporative cooling.
Dependence between two opposite transfers of potential energy can occur in, for example, a siphon. The upward flow of water happens iff there is a greater mass of water falling on the other side of the siphon. So the up and down flows of water are not independent processes, but rather just one process in which entropy does in fact increase. But if you cut the hose at the top, you then have two independent processes, so the water no longer flows in an upward direction. There is an exact analogy with heat flow, and the "hose" is cut with any atmospheric processes. So there can be no heat transfer from a cooler atmosphere to a warmer surface.
The above is an outline of my opening argument in <i><a href="http://tallbloke.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/radiated_energy.pdf" rel="nofollow">Radiated Energy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics.</a></i> There must then be a process of one way heat transfer which accounts for all such heat transfer from hot to cold. We know the end result can be calculated from radiative flux represented by the area between the Planck curves for the two bodies.
I have suggested (building on Claes resonance concept) that two-way radiated energy, corresponding to the area under the Planck curve for the cooler body, all just resonates (gets scattered) when going each way between the two bodies. But as one body gets warmer (and its Planck curve always includes all the area under that curve for the cooler body) then just the extra radiation represented by the area between the curves transfers from hot to cold, in agreement with well known results.
But we also have to acknowledge that the radiation from the cooler body does slow the radiative component of cooling of the warmer target. This is known physics, but it is not because of two-way heat flow. Instead the radiation from the cooler body supplies energy to the target which takes the place of energy it would otherwise have converted to EM energy from its own supply of thermal energy. It cannot, and does not radiate more than S-B allows, and the scattered radiation is included in that quota. Hence the target cools more slowly, but still radiates just as much as per S-B adjusted for emissivity of course. Note that absorptivity must be a function of temperatures of both source and target, being zero when the source is cooler.
The other processes of heat transfer from surface to atmosphere will compensate for any slowing of the radiative component, so there is no net effect because the total Earth system still radiates the same to space. This statement is further supported in the Appendix Q.3.
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