Barry,
I have my PhD from physics. I felt I have to understand something about climate change as a person with physics background working with energy economics.
It didn’t take long to understand the transmissivity of the atmosphere and it’s dependence on the GHG concentrations. For a while I thought that I had understood all the essential, and that the rest follows smoothly. Only gradually I learned about the physics of the atmosphere, how it’s temperature profile (lapse rate) gets determined, and that the transmissivity of the atmosphere for the radiation from the surface to space is actually a minor factor in the effect. It’s more important to understand the role of the upper troposphere and how the combination of the temperature profile and transmissivity over shorter distances than the whole height of tropossphere.
For a physicist interested in learning on the issue there are two good approaches. One is reading some textbooks or lecture notes, some of which are freely available on the net. The other is going to sites that concentrate on describing the issues that can be fully understood by any person interested enough and with fair understanding of physics. One of those sites, and the only one I really know, is Science of Doom. SoD is not a climate policy oriented site that has a political agenda. It avoids largely overstatements and tries to keep to understanding science. One consequence of that is that it may be impossible to find there much about the full climate sensitivity. Determining it’s value seems to be impossible from arguments of the level presented on that site. You can find the explanation for the value 5.35 W/m^2 but probably not for any specific value for full climate sensitivity.
As you have noticed, the it’s not possible to discuss these issues on this site without violent disagreement between commentators. This is presently more a policy oriented site than a science site. Here you can find a wide spectrum of views and attitudes, and that’s a virtue, but that makes deeper discussion impossible. it’s always interrupted by something else.