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Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by manacker

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Pekka

Yes. The authors are very careful not to describe the observed change in cloud cover as a “feedback”.

Nowhere in the paper is there a mention of a “mechanism”, which caused this change in cloud cover and reflectivity.

It could just as well have been a separate “forcing” (e.g. Roy Spencer).

Hasn’t the “Chief” also discussed the role of clouds as a separate “forcing”?

Max


Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by The Skeptical Warmist

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Max said:

“That a reduction on cloud cover over this period resulted in 2.3 Wm-2 added warming of the Earth’s surface…This seems to reopen the question raised by Roy Spencer of clouds as a significant climate forcing.”
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Not unless the paper is claiming that the change in cloudiness represents and external forcing on the climate (versus a response to some external forcing). And you also forgot to mention (but the paper did not) that the reduction in cloudiness also also more LW from the surface to escape back to space. No assumptions can be made about the net effect of this reduction in cloudiness on either near surface tropospheric temperatures or net gains to the Earth’s overall energy system. If the reduction is cloudiness is causing the Earth system to retain more energy, then we have might have a positive feedback with clouds to an external forcing, and Hansen’s warnings should be listened to.

Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by Wagathon

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True…the ‘hockey stick’ isn’t about the future its an admission by Michael Mann:

The suspicion is in the air nowadays that the superiority of one of our formulas to another may not consist so much in its literal ‘objectivity,’ as in subjective qualities like its usefulness, its ‘elegance,’ or its congruity with our residual beliefs . (William James)

Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by WebHubTelescope

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The “Chief” is part of a group of Australian pranksters trying to mock any attempt at rational scientific discussion.

Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by manacker

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Skeptical

Don’t pontificate too much about “paid advertisements” and “lack of morals and honor”: one could argue that the whole AR4 report of IPCC was nothing more than just that (and AR5 will be more of the same).

An “advertisement” for the IPCC CAGW message, “paid” for by the politicians of this world with funding from the taxpayers.

Right?

Max

Comment on Multidecadal climate to within a millikelvin by greg goodman

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Tony B. “thought you might be interested in this 1939 article concening a 16 year cycle.”

Thanks for the link, but I’d rather not get distracted into other discussions for the moment. It looks like Vaughan is slowing starting to realise how realistic his millikelvin claims are so some progess is being made and I’d like to concentrate on the subject of this thread until we get some conclusions on the value of his presentation.

Do you have a machine with Excel on it?

Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by lolwot

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“so the fact that it agrees with Usoskin 2005 is nothing unusual.”

So when the Usoskin 2005 abstract says:
The long-term trends in solar data and in northern hemisphere temperatures have a correlation coefficient of about 0.7-0.8 at a 94% – 98% confidence level.

You are saying this is meaningless?

Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by manacker

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lolwot

Read the studies I cited. They all come to basically the same conclusion, as I stated, namely that around half of the past warming can be attributed to the unusually high level of 20th century solar activity.

Max


Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by The Skeptical Warmist

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Max said:

“It could just as well have been a separate “forcing” (e.g. Roy Spencer)”
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Clouds are not going to be external forcings to the climate system. Roy Spencer was wrong then and would be wrong now if he implies this Clouds respond to and provide feedbacks (positive or negative) to external forcings. The only issue with clouds and AGW is whether or not they will provide net negative or positive feedbacks to increases in GHG’s concentrations. The mere observation of a reduction in SW reflective cloudiness & aerosols over a several decades does not answer this question. If it turns out that a reduction in cloudiness adds more net energy to the Earth system (that is, more SW energy comes in than LW energy is let out), then we might indeed have a positive feedback from clouds responding to the external forcing of rapidly increasing GHG concentrations, and Jim Hansen’s warnings should be listened to with utmost attention.

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Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by Wagathon

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Everything, nominally, is related to the Sun.

Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by Jim D

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Yes, Spencer is a fan of the idea that forcing can’t be separated into internal and external components, and that clouds have some spontaneous way of changing the forcing by themselves. This was the crux of the argument with Dessler when the connection of cloud feedback to ENSO, implied by Spencer’s logic that clouds could force ENSO. The argument stopped at that point.

Comment on Multidecadal climate to within a millikelvin by Pekka Pirilä

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JIm,

I noticed that the SAW had a period equal to the number of years in the data but it didn’t even come to my mind that this would be anything else that accidental. Whether the value is really fitted or only selected as it leads to roughly the right period and happens to agree with the number of years in data the period represents one free fitted parameter for me to be counted with the same weight as other free parameters.

How many effective degrees of freedom are used in selecting the sawtooth as starting point is more difficult to tell.

Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by The Skeptical Warmist

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Jim D. said:

“Yes, Spencer is a fan of the idea that forcing can’t be separated into internal and external components.”
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Interesting notion if that is indeed what he believes.

Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by WebHubTelescope

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I would bet the farm on weaning ourselves off of fossil fuels at some time in the future. Pollution, greenhouse gases, and rapidly depleting supplies are the three counter-rationalizations that skeptics can't answer <b>in aggregate</b>.

Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by manacker

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Jim Cripwell

Yes. I agree with you that trying to convince lolwot that IPCC may have overstated confidence in AGW in AR4, and may be doing the same in AR5, is a basic waste of time, as he already has his mind made up that this cannot be the case.

I was simply trying to open his mind to something outside his belief system.

But, as you say, this might be an impossible task.

Max


Comment on Multidecadal climate to within a millikelvin by Pekka Pirilä

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That’s a bit questionable because there’s very little contribution by any climate scientist to this thread. Leif Svalsgaard might be one exception and I may have mistaken on someone but otherwise the contributions are by people whose background is in other fields (other sciences for some and non-scientific activities for others).

Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by David Springer

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<b>7.4.5 Impact of Cosmic Rays on Aerosols and Clouds</b> High solar activity leads to variations in the strength and three-dimensional structure of the heliosphere,which reduces the flux of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) impinging upon the Earth’s atmosphere by increasing the deflection of low energy GCR. As GCR is the primary source of atmospheric ionization, it has been suggested that GCR may act to amplify relative small variations in solar activity into climatologically significant effects (Ney, 1959), via a hypothesised relationship between ionization and cloudiness (e.g.,Dickinson, 1975; Kirkby, 2007). There have been many studies aiming to test this hypothesis since AR4, which fall in two categories: i) studies that seek to establish a causal relationship between cosmic rays and aerosols/clouds by looking at correlations between the two quantities on timescales of days to decades, andii) studies that test through observations or modelling one of the physical mechanisms that have been put forward. We assess these two categories of studies in the next two sections. <b>7.4.5.1 Correlations Between Cosmic Rays and Properties of Aerosols and Clouds</b> Many empirical relationships have been reported between GCR or cosmogenic isotope 1 archives and some aspects of the climate system (e.g., Bond et al., 2001; Dengel et al., 2009; Ram and Stolz, 1999). The forcing from changes in total solar irradiance alone does not seem to account for these observations, implying the existence of an amplifying mechanism such as the hypothesized GCR-cloud link. We focus here on observed relationships between GCR and aerosol and cloud properties. Such relationships have focused on decadal variations in GCR induced by the 11-year solar cycle, shorter variations associated with the quasi-periodic oscillation in solar activity centred on 1.68 years or sudden and large variations known as Forbush decrease events. It should be noted that GCR co-vary with other solar parameters such as solar and UV irradiance, which makes any attribution of cloud changes to GCR problematic (Laken et al., 2011). Some studies have shown co-variation between GCR and low-level cloud cover using global satellite dataover periods of typically 5–10 years (Marsh and Svensmark, 2000; Pallé Bagó and Butler, 2000). Such correlations have not proved to be robust when extending the time period under consideration (Agee et al.,2012), restricting the analysis to particular cloud types (Kernthaler et al., 1999) or locations (Udelhofen and Cess, 2001; Usoskin and Kovaltsov, 2008). The purported correlations have also been attributed to ENSO variability (Farrar, 2000; Laken et al., 2012) and artefacts of the satellite data cannot be ruled out (Pallé,2005). Statistically significant, but weak, correlations between diffuse fraction and cosmic rays have beenfound at some locations in the UK over the 1951 to 2000 period (Harrison and Stephenson, 2006). Harrison (2008) also found a unique 1.68-year periodicity in surface radiation for two different UK sites between 1978 and 1990, potentially indicative of a cosmic ray effect. Svensmark et al. (2009) found large global reductions in the aerosol Ångström exponent from AERONET, liquid water path from SSM/I, and cloud cover from MODIS and ISCCP after large Forbush decreases, but these results were not corroborated by other studies who found no statistically significant links between GCR and clouds at the global scale (Calogovic et al., 2010; Kristjánsson et al., 2008; Laken and Calogovic, 2011). Although some studies found small but significant positive correlations between GCR and high- and mid-altitude clouds (Laken et al.,2010; Rohs et al., 2010), these variations were very weak, and the results were highly sensitive to how the Forbush events were selected and composited (Laken et al., 2009). <b>7.4.5.2 Physical Mechanisms Linking Cosmic Rays to Cloudiness</b> The most widely studied mechanism proposed to explain the possible link between GCR and cloudiness isthe “ion-aerosol clear air” mechanism, in which atmospheric ions produced by GCR facilitate aerosolnucleation and growth ultimately impacting CCN concentrations and cloud properties (Carslaw et al., 2002;Usoskin and Kovaltsov, 2008). The variability of atmospheric ionization rates due to GCR changes can beconsidered relatively well quantified (Bazilevskaya et al., 2008), whereas resulting changes in aerosolnucleation rates are very poorly known (Enghoff and Svensmark, 2008; Kazil et al., 2008). The CosmicsLeaving OUtdoor Droplets (CLOUD) experiment at CERN indicates that GCR-induced ionization enhanceswater–sulphuric acid nucleation in the middle and upper troposphere, but is very unlikely to give asignificant contribution to nucleation taking place in the continental boundary layer (Kirkby et al., 2011).Field measurements qualitatively support this view but cannot provide any firm conclusion on the role ofions due to the scarcity and other limitations of free-troposphere measurements (Arnold, 2006; Mirme et al.,2010), and due to difficulties in separating GCR-induced nucleation from other nucleation pathways incontinental boundary layers (Hirsikko et al., 2011). If strong enough, the signal from GCR-inducednucleation should be detectable at the Earth’s surface because a big fraction of CCN in the global boundarylayer is expected to originate from nucleation taking place in the free troposphere (Merikanto et al., 2009).Based on surface aerosol measurements at one site, Kulmala et al. (2010) found no connection between GCRand new particle formation or any other aerosol property over a solar cycle (1996–2008). Our understandingof the “ion-aerosol clear air” mechanism as a whole relies on a few model investigations that simulate GCRchanges over a solar cycle (Kazil et al., 2012; Pierce and Adams, 2009a; Snow-Kropla et al., 2011) or duringstrong Forbush decreases (Bondo et al., 2010; Snow-Kropla et al., 2011). Although all model studies found adetectable connection between GCR variations and either CCN changes or column aerosol properties, theresponse appears to be too weak to cause a significant radiative effect because GCR are unable to effectivelyraise CCN and droplet concentrations (Kazil et al., 2012). A second pathway linking GCR to cloudiness has been proposed through the global electric circuit (GEC). Asmall direct current is able to flow vertically between the ionosphere (maintained at approximately 250 kVby thunderstorms and electrified clouds) and the Earth’s surface over fair-weather regions because of GCRinduced atmospheric ionization. Charges can accumulate at the upper and lower cloud boundaries as a resultof the effective scavenging of ions by cloud droplets (Tinsley, 2000). This creates conductivity gradients atthe cloud edges (Nicoll and Harrison, 2010), and may influence droplet-droplet collision (Khain et al., 2004),cloud droplet-particle collisions (Tinsley, 2000), and cloud droplet formation processes (Harrison andAmbaum, 2008). These microphysical effects may potentially influence cloud properties both directly andindirectly. Although Harrison and Ambaum (2010) observed a small reduction in downward LW radiationwhich they associated with variations in surface current density, supporting observations are extremelylimited. Our current understanding of the relationship between cloud properties and the GEC remains verylow, and there is no evidence yet that associated cloud processes could be of climatic significance. <b>7.4.5.3 Synthesis</b> Although there is some evidence that ionization from cosmic rays may enhance aerosol nucleation in the free troposphere, there is medium evidence and high agreement that the cosmic ray ionization mechanism is too weak to influence global concentrations of CCN or their change over the last century or during a solar cyclein any climatically significant way. The lack of trend in the cosmic ray intensity over the last 50 years (Ageeet al., 2012; McCracken and Beer, 2007) provides another strong argument against the hypothesis of a major contribution of cosmic rays to ongoing climate change.

Comment on Multidecadal climate to within a millikelvin by Herman Alexander Pope

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There is a lot of curve fits and models and most were created with instrumented data of the past 130 years. Curve fits made during a warming period between the little ice age and now. If the data for the past ten thousand years was curve fit, it would show a warm max about now with a cool period to follow.

Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by Wagathon

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You find the same thing in any prisons and communist countries — lots of smart secular socialists who know they’re smarter than everyone else look upon the rest of us like their prey.

Comment on Week in review 12/15/12 by BBD

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manacker

This all does not change the fact that it has not warmed globally over the past 12 to 15 years despite unabated emissions of human GHGs.

You cannot say this. Some records show warming. Your absolutism is at variance with the evidence. It is not a fact and some records show warming. Things that follow logically from this:

- You will have to stop making factually inaccurate claims.

- You will have to acknowledge that nobody ever said natural variability would stop because of AGW.

- You will have to acknowledge that this means monotonic warming is nothing more than a contrarian strawman.

- You will have to acknowledge that the recent slow-down in warming is consistent with natural variability.

- You will have to acknowledge that it in no way ‘falsifies’ AGW.

- You will have to acknowledge that making such a claim – implicitly or explicitly – is simply denialist rhetoric, not scientific analysis.

- You will have to acknowledge that you have been using this denialist rhetoric incessantly in comments here.

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