Regarding a jacket that you wear and the jacket of greenhouse gases surrounding the planet, there are important differences, such as the fact that the source of heat for the Earth is mostly external from the sun whereas you are the source of heat that is trapped by wearing a jacket. Also, difference energy exchange processes are in place (conductive versus radiative), but the result is the same– to slow the flow of heat away from the body/planet. The atmosphere does not have to warm up before the oceans, but instead it acts as a governor controlling the rate of heat flowing out of the oceans. Both effects- the physical jacket you wear, and the jacket of greenhouse gases surrounding the Earth alter thermal gradients, simply by different processes.
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