This isn’t an airspace issue; it’s a landing/takeoff rights issue. If it were an airspace issue, the tax would only apply in the airspace, not all the way from the other end.
Maybe Max can confirm this, but I believe that this wouldn’t apply to a flight from Beijing to Zurich.
In any event, this is begging for retaliation; if the Euros can do this, what’s to prevent the Chinese (and the ROW) from imposing a retaliatory tax of their own, effective all the way to London or Frankfurt?